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ADHD Treatment Medication Stimulants are the most commonly prescribed medications for ADHD and can boost and balance levels of brain chemicals. However, they don't cure the condition and can only help with symptoms as long as they are used regularly. The adverse effects of ADHD medication may include a change in blood pressure and heart rate and stomach upset, anxiety and tics. Children and teens who take stimulant drugs have a slight decrease in their growth rate. Methylphenidate Methylphenidate is a central nervous system stimulant and is the most widely used drug for treating ADHD. It is available in a variety of forms, such as tablets that chew liquid and an oral disintegrating tablet, which acts long, and a pill with extended release. Get the facts increases the levels of dopamine and norepinephrine in the brain, helping to increase focus. It can also lessen the symptoms of anxiety and depression. Methylphenidate can be a successful treatment for ADHD in conjunction with other treatments, including behavioural therapy. Methylphenidate is a drug that blocks transporters that normally remove these neurotransmitters from the brain. The medication can cause a slight increase in blood pressure and heart rate. People with diabetes should also be on guard when taking this medication since it can cause a rapid rise in blood sugar. Talk to your doctor if you notice any of these signs. Methylphenidate is also known to cause Raynaud's phenomenon that causes numbness in the feet and fingers. This is a rare but serious side effect. It is essential to notify your doctor if these symptoms are observed. There is a concerns that methylphenidate may slow children's growth, but it hasn't been proved to be the situation. If you have a child who is receiving treatment with methylphenidate be sure to keep track of the child's height and weight closely. If your child is taking chewable tablets containing methylphenidate that contains phenylalanine which is a risk for children who have the genetic disorder phenylketonuria (PKU). Ask your doctor about a different formulation of methylphenidate in case you suffer from PKU. Stimulants are often considered to be the first choice medication for treating ADHD, but certain people are not able to use these medications. In these cases doctors might prescribe other drugs that function similarly. In addition to methylphenidate, there are other stimulants, such as dexamfetamine and Lisdexamfetamine. These substances are more potent than methylphenidate, and they can last longer. They are usually taken twice or three times daily, but some people may be able to take them more often. There are also psychological treatments for ADHD however, they are not as effective as stimulants. Atomoxetine Atomoxetine is also called Strattera and is a non-stimulant ADHD medication that improves concentration while reducing the impulsivity and hyperactivity. It belongs to a class known as selective norepinephrine-reuptake inhibitors. It works by increasing levels of dopamine and norepinephrine two chemical messengers that control brain's activity. It is a popular option for adults and children who prefer a different type of medication than stimulants, like Adderall and Vyvanse. It is crucial to keep in mind that atomoxetine doesn't work immediately, and it may take up to 6 weeks for the effects of the drug to become apparent. You may also experience side effects such as nausea and drowsiness. For the majority of patients the advantages of taking atomoxetine far outweigh the risks. The effectiveness of atomoxetine was confirmed in a multisite double-blind placebo-controlled trial with 297 ADHD patients aged 12 to 18. Participants were randomly assigned to receive either atomoxetine in a daily dose of 0.6 mg/kg or 1.2 mg/kg or a placebo for a period of 9 weeks. In both the atomoxetine and placebo groups, symptoms of depression were reduced. The atomoxetine group saw more improvements in ADHD symptoms than the placebo group. However the improvement was only modest (Michelson et al 2001). In another open trial in another open trial, 10 patients with ADHD who were unable to respond to stimulants were treated with atomoxetine over 8 weeks. The group treated with atomoxetine showed improvements in ADHD symptoms when compared to placebo with scores on the Conners Adult ADHD Scale Investigator Version of the screening and Clinical Global Impression of Severity scales improving significantly. One patient withdrew due to an rash. In addition, three patients experienced gastrointestinal issues that were transient and one experienced increased fatigue (Kratochvil and co., 2005). Talk to your doctor before you begin treatment with atomoxetine about your medical history, which includes any supplements or medications you're taking. This includes herbal remedies as well as over the counter medicines. It is especially important to inform your doctor if you have narrow-angle glaucoma, a thyroid tumor or adrenal gland tumor, high blood pressure, heart disease or an unusually sudden death. Avoid Atomoxetine in addition to when you've been taking an MAO-inhibitor such as isocarboxazid and linezolid in the last 14 days or rasagiline, Methylene Blue Injection, phenelzine or tranylcypromine. Bupropion Bupropion is a non-stimulant drug that can help improve symptoms of ADHD. It can also reduce impulsivity, and increase concentration. However it doesn't affect the brain the way stimulants do. It's only available on prescription. Your doctor will determine the most appropriate dosage for you. Bupropion is available as tablets and capsules. It is essential to take the medication as prescribed. If you stop taking it abruptly, you may have withdrawal symptoms. It's usually taken twice or three times daily with a gap of 4-6 hours between each dose. The dose can range from 100 mg twice or three times daily up to 150 mg three or four times a day. The drug is absorbed in the digestive tract, and then is excreted in urine, which means that it can't enter breast milk. It can, however, get into the bloodstream and cause damage to other organs. Bupropion raises blood pressure. It's important to monitor it regularly. In addition to improving the symptoms of ADHD, bupropion can also reduce depression. It is also used to treat bipolar disorder. It works by blocking the dopamine receptors in your brain. This blocks the neurotransmitter dopamine from entering your brain, which helps to regulate your mood. Bupropion can interact with other medications So it's crucial to inform your doctor about any other medications you're taking. It's important to let your doctor know if you are suffering from any allergies. Avoid caffeine and other stimulants as they can make side effects worse. Several studies have examined the effects of bupropion versus placebos in adults with ADHD. The results of these studies were mixed and the majority of studies were not conducted properly. A majority of these studies excluded participants with psychiatric co-morbidity. The results suggest that bupropion does have a small effect on ADHD. More research is needed to determine positive outcomes for patients, such as an improvement in quality of living. Furthermore, a better understanding of the molecular subtypes of ADHD is essential before a successful treatment can be created. This includes a better understanding of the relation between the various molecular pathways. Additionally, it's important to know how various anti-ADHD drugs work with psychotherapy. Tricyclic antidepressants Antidepressants are often prescribed by doctors when stimulants prescribed for children with ADHD do not work or cause adverse side effects. These medications, like imipramine and nortriptyline (Aventyl and Pamelor), increase the neurotransmitters norepinephrine and dopamine in the brain, which aids in helping people concentrate. These are older drugs which can cause serious adverse reactions, and are usually only used after other medications have failed. The first choice of depression-related antidepressants is typically a serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) like sertraline, fluoxetine or citalopram. However, tricyclic antidepressants which have been around for a long time, can be utilized in certain instances. They are also effective in treating neuropathic pain and provide a pain-relieving effect that is distinct from their antidepressant activity. They potentiate the noradrenephrine receptor, by preventing its reuptake. adhd uk medication act as descending modulators for pain pathways within the spinal cord. Get the facts have lower risks of toxicity and less serious adverse effects than tricyclic antidepressants. They are also safer during pregnancy and don't appear to be teratogenic to humans or animals. If they are abruptly stopped, they could cause severe withdrawal symptoms. Your doctor might suggest gradually reducing the dose over a few weeks to reduce the effects. Bupropion, an antidepressant commonly prescribed off-label to treat ADHD however, it is not FDA approved as an adhd drug. It is believed to increase the neurotransmitters norepinephrine, dopamine and acetylcholine within the brain, which improves concentration. It is also believed to ease anxiety and can be used in conjunction with stimulants to get faster and lasting results. While there aren't any FDA-approved medications that are nonstimulant for ADHD, many people do get relief from the use of dietary supplements and herbs. A diet that is low in fat and sugar may also help to reduce ADHD symptoms. Certain people can also benefit from avoiding caffeine. It is essential to inform your doctor about all the medications that you or your child takes, including over-the-counter medications and herbal remedies. This will avoid interactions and reduce the risk of unwanted side effects. ADHD medications can affect everyone differently, which is why it's often an exercise of trial and error to find the right dosage and drug for your child or you.